Divorce Research Paper Essay

Pondering question to get reader thinking about topic II. What the problem is d. â€Å"Children do not fall behind their peers in these areas during the potentially disruptive period before their parents divorce, the study revealed. Instead, it’s after the split that kids seem to have the most trouble coping. Include this from Healthday reporter Alan mozes e. What the child feels, they feel its their fault and makes them more upset III. Statistics f. What classes children with divorced parents are struggling in g. Average grades for the kids h. What it does to teens IV. My personal experience i. How my grades were before and after j. What classes I was struggling in k. My personal feelings about it V. Conclusion l. Say how parents really need to think about how it will affect their child before going through with it. m. My views on the statistics and why it is valid info n. Opinion about parents being more involved in children’s schoolwork. Christian Startt Mrs. Pantusa English 1 A. P Prep April 26, 2013 Divorce and How It Affects Children Introduction Divorce can be the most inconvenient and hardest long-term problem of a child’s life, affecting all parts of his or her life all because of the parent’s failing marriage. 41% of first marriages end in divorce (Irvin, M), which is a substantial percentage of marriage that has not followed through with their vows and left their kid’s normality in the dust. Grades, emotions, and innocence all are changed in the process of the divorce, as well as a new set of challenge and problems these kids have to face in everyday life. Divorce isn’t just a split between a family, it’s more of a life changer. â€Å"As soon as me and my wife Terri divorced†, explains Chris Startt, â€Å"basic life changed heavily. Laundry, cooking dinner everyday, and constantly worrying about my son’s grades has really kept me busy and stressed†. I asked Chris how his son’s grades were after his divorce. â€Å"When me and my ex were still together, Christian’s grades were outstanding, strait A’s. But later (a year passes) his grades went from strait A’s to B’s and C’s later on in middle school†. According to Healthday reporter Alan Mozes, â€Å"Children do not fall behind their peers in these areas during the potentially disruptive period before their parents divorce, the study revealed. Instead, it’s after the split that kids seem to have the most trouble coping†. Research suggests that the odds of a divorce occurring in a household before the children become grown rest at about 50% (Ahilburg and DeVita, 1992), with divorce rates beginning to soar in 1963 (Jeynes, 1999). A 60-year literature review of 347 experimental studies confirmed that many studies have concluded that divorce has negative consequences for children’s academic achievement (Kunz, 1992). Most research shows that the child’s math scores were the ones that were mostly affected. â€Å"Kim found that while a divorce is in progress, first, second and third-graders experience a dip in math test scores — a decline that holds steady once the divorce is final†. (Mozes) But, at the same time reading scores didn’t really seem to be changing, as research from (Mozes) shows that â€Å"†¦however, Kim found that reading scores remain unaffected†. When my parents divorced, about 6 years ago, I was 9 years old in 3rd grade and that’s when my grades went from strait A’s, to A’s and B’s, and then a C here and there. Mathematics really begun to get more and more difficult to concentrate to and the tests were getting harder to understand. Reading, however, was my strength in elementary school, and it remained un-affected after my parents divorce. Researcher Hyun Sik Kim explains, â€Å"Reading is not that cumulative. But with math, you must understand previous things to develop. For example, if I do not understand that one plus one is two, then I cannot understand multiplication. Divorce really puts a child’s mind in motion. After the divorce the child may feel like it was his/her fault, causing stress and emotional problems. By this happening, the child will become more stressed by the moving between houses, therefor making it harder to concentrate on schoolwork and thus grades beginning to lower. My personal experiences also help support my argument. Divorce should be decided with caution; you have to think about how its going to affect your child and how its going to affect their future.

Bunker Gear Fabric

Bunker gear or turnout gear is the protective clothing used by a firefighter in fighting fires and during rescue operations. This gear is called turnouts because when not being used, they are kept standing by to be put on swiftly by ‘turning out' the pants over the boots. It is a requirement for firefighters to be able to put on all of the gear in no time, and in this set up, all they have to do is to step into the boots and pull the pants up. This solidly insulated gear is worn to shield the firefighter's body from the extreme heat of a fire.Approximately, structural turnouts will break down at 650 °C (1200 °F). A full turnout gear may weigh more or less 30kg aside from other extra tools to be carried. It is consisted of â€Å"a coat, pants and suspenders, leather or rubber waterproof boots, a hood, a strong helmet with eye protection, gloves, a belt, and SCBA (Self Contained Breathing Apparatus)† (www. sccfd. org). Turnout pants protects the lower part of the firef ighter's body. It is made of fire-resistant materials and they are easy to put on with Velcro and snaps.Turnout pants have side pockets for tools, gloves, and other necessary equipment. In order for the firefighters to be seen at nigh, these pants also have reflective stripes on the bottom. Turnout coat's outside liner is made of exclusive fire resistant fabrics. The coat has various liners for extra protection. One of these liners acts as a moisture barrier, it prevents outside moisture to reach the firefighter. Another part of the liner protects firefighters from the exposure to thermal heat. Pockets are also available for extra equipment such as gloves, radio, wrenches and other tools.Around its neck is a Nomex hood. Except for the face, it covers practically the entire head of the firefighter. The turnout boots are made of rubber. Aside from steel to covering, these have a steel shank in sole to protect firefighters from sharp or pointed objects. In order to be put on quickly, t hese boots have handles at the top. Wearing of this protective gear is a requirement for all firefighters approaching a seat of the fire or entering a hazardous area as stated in the NFPA 1971 Code or the Protective Clothing for Structural Fire Fighting.Looking back in history, firefighters' garment was consisted of a cotton or wool shirt, heavy wool trousers, and a heavy wool tunic, which was sometimes worn over with rubber slickers. Wool was used because of its ability to protect a firefighter from heat and cold, and also because of its resistance to mild flame and water. Their gloves were the traditional leather gloves for laborers. It was only after the World War II when the standards for firefighter protective gears were issued by a number of organizations like the National Fire Protection Association or the NFPA.According to the NFPA 1971 Standard on Protective Clothing for Structural Firefighting, turnout gears must be composed of three layers: the outer layer must be made fr om flame-resistant fabric â€Å"that would not be destroyed through charring, separating, or melting when exposed to 500 °F for a five-minute period;† the second layer must â€Å"prevent moisture from penetrating through to the wearer;† and the third layer must â€Å"provide thermal insulation from radiant, conducted, and convective heat† (http://www. pbs. org). Firefighters' gloves should also be resistant to heat, flame, liquids, vapor, and sharp objects.The boots should also withstand flame, puncture, heat, electrical current, and abrasion. Further advancements in firefighters' turnout materials came up during the 80s. The 500 °F temperature resistance limit of the outer shell was raised to around 1,200 °F. The other layer also allowed the firefighters to â€Å"release moisture from inside the gear,† and the material used was a fire-resistant fabric. Being self-extinguishing, this material will not continue to burn once it is out of contact with a fire. Bunker gears are made out of synthetic fibers such as Aramid and Polybenzimidazoles (PBI).These synthetic fibers are polymers. A polymer is a substance with high molecular weight made up of a large number of smaller molecules. These molecules, called monomers, react together in hundreds, or even millions of times. The properties of the polymers are determined by the molecular shape variations that resulted from the reactions. These could be in the form of long, straight chains or branched. It is through their average molecular weight that their sizes are expressed. Polymers with higher molecular weights have the higher strength. They also usually have high melting or boiling points.Filaments made of synthetic polymer fibers have excellent strength because these fibers can be prepared with regular structures that allow the chains to pack together tightly. Another advantage of synthetic polymers is that they are stronger and much lighter than steel, making them the choice for bunker gears and bullet proof vests. Aramids are synthetic polyamides, a class of polymer for textile fibers. It has a carbon-based backbone which contains aromatic rings. Fabrics made of aramids are strong and flame resistant even at extreme temperatures because of the stability of the fiber's aromatic structures and their conjugated amide linkages.Polyamides are manufactured through step-growth polymerization. In this process, â€Å"monomers with two reactive ends join to form dimers (two â€Å"parts† joined together), then â€Å"trimers† (three â€Å"parts†), and so on. However, since each of the newly formed oligomers (short chains containing only a few parts) also has two reactive ends, they can join together; so a dimer and a trimer would form a pentamer (five repeating â€Å"parts†)† (www. fibersource. com). The aramid fibers, on the other hand, are produced through Wet Spinning process.The fiber-forming materials are dissolved in a solvent, which is usually hydrogen sulfate (H2SO4), and spun using a spinneret. Aside from firefighting gears, aramid fabrics are also useful for friction products such as brake pads, clutch pads or seals and gaskets, because synthetic materials made from this fabric does not ignite or melt. Aramid fibers are also flexible, lightweight, resistant to organic solvents and fuels, and good insulators of electricity. Aramids are more popularly known with the names Kevlar and Nomex. The blend of these two aramids is used in manufacturing turnout gears.

Operation Management

agement AEREN FOUNDATION’S Maharashtra Govt. Reg. No. : F-11724 [pic] SUBJECT : OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Total Marks : 80 CASE-1 (16 Marks) Bloomsday Outfitters produces T-shirts for road races. They need to acquire some new stamping machines to produce 30,000 good T-shirts per month. Their plant operates 200 hours per month, but the new machines will be used for T-shirts only 60 percent of the time and the output usually includes 5 percent that are â€Å"seconds† and unusable. The stamping operation takes 1 minute per T-shirt, and the stamping machines are expected to have 90 percent efficiency considering adjustments, changeover of patterns, and unavoidable downtime. How many stamping machines are required? CASE-2 (16 Marks) In the table given below the Distribution Manager is expected to service these DCs as per the demands placed. If the actual sales after completing week one is as follows, what would be the quantities that would need amendment as far as Distribution Manager is concerned to service for week two and onwards? After week one the actual sales to Forecasted sales for week one ratio is as under: Mumbai did 80 % of forecast , Lucknow did 75 % of forecast Kolkata did 60 % of week one forecast Chennai did 125 % of forecast and Delhi did 150 % of week one forecast [pic] Note : Kolkata will receive transit stocks in week 2 . CASE-3 (16 Marks) After working for 30 years, Ramjee Somjee Dutt opted for VRS and started a courier company and did very well in the first four years. He was now looking for expansion of his business and decided to venture into Road transportation business between Chennai and Mumbai and Mumbai and Delhi as he felt that he could do well on this line. However before taking a final decision he hires your Management Consultant firm formed by yourself. He has requested you to work out the Price to quote his clients for these two routes considering the costs involved. He expects to earn a minimum profit of Rs 1000 per day per truck after meeting all expenses. Your analysis of market conditions tell you the following: Vehicle cost Rs 7 lacs Depreciation 15 % Maintenance costs per day Rs 150 Drivers monthly Salary Rs 5000 : Attendants monthly salary Rs 3000 . Misc expenses Rs 200 per day. Driver allowance is Rs 125 per day and attendant gets Rs 75. Diesel cost per liter is Rs 25 and the vehicle gives an average mileage of 4 km to a liter. The Financial institutions offer loans at 10 % interest pa, which Ramjee has been negotiating. It has been observed that on an average the vehicle covers 400 km per day. The distance between Mumbai to Delhi is 1500 km and Mumbai to Chennai is 1350 km. The driver gets rest day in Mumbai only for one day after they return from any trip. CASE-4 (16 Marks) A company is operating in two unrelated businesses. The first one is making common salt, which is sold in one-kilogram consumer packs. The second business is making readymade garments. The owner of the businesses has decided to implement Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) in one of the two businesses, which is likely to give him greater benefit. Assuming that the current turnover and profits of both the units are comparable, compare the relative benefits and limitations of Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) for these two businesses. CASE-5 (16 Marks) A Manufacturer of motorcycles buys spark plugs at Rs. 15 each. Now he wishes to manufacture the plugs in his own factory. The estimated cost for the manufacture of spark plugs is around Rs. 50,000=00 and the variable cost comes to Rs. 5 per spark plug. The Production Manager advises the Manufacturer that the factory should go for manufacturing instead of procuring them from the open market. List out reasons for the decision of the Production Manager backed up by the necessary data. ———————– AN ISO 9001 : 2008 CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL Operation Management agement AEREN FOUNDATION’S Maharashtra Govt. Reg. No. : F-11724 [pic] SUBJECT : OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Total Marks : 80 CASE-1 (16 Marks) Bloomsday Outfitters produces T-shirts for road races. They need to acquire some new stamping machines to produce 30,000 good T-shirts per month. Their plant operates 200 hours per month, but the new machines will be used for T-shirts only 60 percent of the time and the output usually includes 5 percent that are â€Å"seconds† and unusable. The stamping operation takes 1 minute per T-shirt, and the stamping machines are expected to have 90 percent efficiency considering adjustments, changeover of patterns, and unavoidable downtime. How many stamping machines are required? CASE-2 (16 Marks) In the table given below the Distribution Manager is expected to service these DCs as per the demands placed. If the actual sales after completing week one is as follows, what would be the quantities that would need amendment as far as Distribution Manager is concerned to service for week two and onwards? After week one the actual sales to Forecasted sales for week one ratio is as under: Mumbai did 80 % of forecast , Lucknow did 75 % of forecast Kolkata did 60 % of week one forecast Chennai did 125 % of forecast and Delhi did 150 % of week one forecast [pic] Note : Kolkata will receive transit stocks in week 2 . CASE-3 (16 Marks) After working for 30 years, Ramjee Somjee Dutt opted for VRS and started a courier company and did very well in the first four years. He was now looking for expansion of his business and decided to venture into Road transportation business between Chennai and Mumbai and Mumbai and Delhi as he felt that he could do well on this line. However before taking a final decision he hires your Management Consultant firm formed by yourself. He has requested you to work out the Price to quote his clients for these two routes considering the costs involved. He expects to earn a minimum profit of Rs 1000 per day per truck after meeting all expenses. Your analysis of market conditions tell you the following: Vehicle cost Rs 7 lacs Depreciation 15 % Maintenance costs per day Rs 150 Drivers monthly Salary Rs 5000 : Attendants monthly salary Rs 3000 . Misc expenses Rs 200 per day. Driver allowance is Rs 125 per day and attendant gets Rs 75. Diesel cost per liter is Rs 25 and the vehicle gives an average mileage of 4 km to a liter. The Financial institutions offer loans at 10 % interest pa, which Ramjee has been negotiating. It has been observed that on an average the vehicle covers 400 km per day. The distance between Mumbai to Delhi is 1500 km and Mumbai to Chennai is 1350 km. The driver gets rest day in Mumbai only for one day after they return from any trip. CASE-4 (16 Marks) A company is operating in two unrelated businesses. The first one is making common salt, which is sold in one-kilogram consumer packs. The second business is making readymade garments. The owner of the businesses has decided to implement Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) in one of the two businesses, which is likely to give him greater benefit. Assuming that the current turnover and profits of both the units are comparable, compare the relative benefits and limitations of Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) for these two businesses. CASE-5 (16 Marks) A Manufacturer of motorcycles buys spark plugs at Rs. 15 each. Now he wishes to manufacture the plugs in his own factory. The estimated cost for the manufacture of spark plugs is around Rs. 50,000=00 and the variable cost comes to Rs. 5 per spark plug. The Production Manager advises the Manufacturer that the factory should go for manufacturing instead of procuring them from the open market. List out reasons for the decision of the Production Manager backed up by the necessary data. ———————– AN ISO 9001 : 2008 CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL Operation Management agement AEREN FOUNDATION’S Maharashtra Govt. Reg. No. : F-11724 [pic] SUBJECT : OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT Total Marks : 80 CASE-1 (16 Marks) Bloomsday Outfitters produces T-shirts for road races. They need to acquire some new stamping machines to produce 30,000 good T-shirts per month. Their plant operates 200 hours per month, but the new machines will be used for T-shirts only 60 percent of the time and the output usually includes 5 percent that are â€Å"seconds† and unusable. The stamping operation takes 1 minute per T-shirt, and the stamping machines are expected to have 90 percent efficiency considering adjustments, changeover of patterns, and unavoidable downtime. How many stamping machines are required? CASE-2 (16 Marks) In the table given below the Distribution Manager is expected to service these DCs as per the demands placed. If the actual sales after completing week one is as follows, what would be the quantities that would need amendment as far as Distribution Manager is concerned to service for week two and onwards? After week one the actual sales to Forecasted sales for week one ratio is as under: Mumbai did 80 % of forecast , Lucknow did 75 % of forecast Kolkata did 60 % of week one forecast Chennai did 125 % of forecast and Delhi did 150 % of week one forecast [pic] Note : Kolkata will receive transit stocks in week 2 . CASE-3 (16 Marks) After working for 30 years, Ramjee Somjee Dutt opted for VRS and started a courier company and did very well in the first four years. He was now looking for expansion of his business and decided to venture into Road transportation business between Chennai and Mumbai and Mumbai and Delhi as he felt that he could do well on this line. However before taking a final decision he hires your Management Consultant firm formed by yourself. He has requested you to work out the Price to quote his clients for these two routes considering the costs involved. He expects to earn a minimum profit of Rs 1000 per day per truck after meeting all expenses. Your analysis of market conditions tell you the following: Vehicle cost Rs 7 lacs Depreciation 15 % Maintenance costs per day Rs 150 Drivers monthly Salary Rs 5000 : Attendants monthly salary Rs 3000 . Misc expenses Rs 200 per day. Driver allowance is Rs 125 per day and attendant gets Rs 75. Diesel cost per liter is Rs 25 and the vehicle gives an average mileage of 4 km to a liter. The Financial institutions offer loans at 10 % interest pa, which Ramjee has been negotiating. It has been observed that on an average the vehicle covers 400 km per day. The distance between Mumbai to Delhi is 1500 km and Mumbai to Chennai is 1350 km. The driver gets rest day in Mumbai only for one day after they return from any trip. CASE-4 (16 Marks) A company is operating in two unrelated businesses. The first one is making common salt, which is sold in one-kilogram consumer packs. The second business is making readymade garments. The owner of the businesses has decided to implement Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) in one of the two businesses, which is likely to give him greater benefit. Assuming that the current turnover and profits of both the units are comparable, compare the relative benefits and limitations of Materials Requirement Planning (MRP) for these two businesses. CASE-5 (16 Marks) A Manufacturer of motorcycles buys spark plugs at Rs. 15 each. Now he wishes to manufacture the plugs in his own factory. The estimated cost for the manufacture of spark plugs is around Rs. 50,000=00 and the variable cost comes to Rs. 5 per spark plug. The Production Manager advises the Manufacturer that the factory should go for manufacturing instead of procuring them from the open market. List out reasons for the decision of the Production Manager backed up by the necessary data. ———————– AN ISO 9001 : 2008 CERTIFIED INTERNATIONAL B-SCHOOL

Whitney Laning - Working for the Community and Being a Leader Essay

Whitney Laning - Working for the Community and Being a Leader - Essay Example The only way this can happen is if the community itself is full of trained volunteers ready and willing to move in and knowledgeable about basic field practices for rescue and triage. This is the concern of many fire chiefs throughout the country and one that was shared with community leader Whitney Laning more than a year ago. Unlike many, though, Laning took action, learning what kind of help firefighters needed to provide the community with greater safety and moving forward to organize this support. For the past year, Laning has worked tirelessly to bring together the Rowlett Citizen Corps Council (RCCC), a nonprofit group dedicated to finding funding for the CERT program and equipment, and the Community Emergency Response Team (CERT) in the city. He was working to make the community a safer place for both citizens and emergency respondents, but his efforts were recently recognized in a big way. Laning was named one of the Five Outstanding Young Texans at a special black tie ceremony held in the state capital. According to him, the primary program is the CERT program. This organization functions during normal emergency situations by providing canteen services to the firefighters – giving them cool drinks, food to help them keep up their strength and a cool place to rest when fighting a long-term fire. However, those trained in the CERT program are also able to jump in and lend a hand when required at times when emergency personnel are overwhelmed. Fire Chief Larry Wright states, If we had a large scale disaster like a tornado come through here, it could be 24-72 hours before we received any kind of state of federal assistance. That’s where these citizens will be able to make a real difference. Laning’s leadership in these programs has been instrumental in obtaining the multiple awards and recognitions each program has received to date, according to Greg and Lisa Peoples, the Junior Chamber of Commerce members who nominated Laning for the award.   According to a written statement by them, Whitney is the co-author of the bylaws, shaped the mission statement, teaches the CERT courses and serves as a spokesperson, fundraiser and grant writer for CERT.

The Only True Wisdom Is In Knowing You Know Nothing Essay

The Only True Wisdom Is In Knowing You Know Nothing - Essay Example C) The charges brought against Socrates were of impiety and corrupting the youth of Athens. Socrates did not fear death, and drank his poison eagerly because he thought of death as something to examine, just as life. D) The allegory of the cave suggests that most people are seeing not reality but shadows of reality, much as one who is chained in a cave for their entire life. Socrates used this allegory to explain that intellectual pursuits, like stepping out of a cave and into the sunlight, eventually lead to more clear understanding of the world. I agree that there is more to perceive in the world than most people are aware of, but I disagree that it negates the validity of the â€Å"shadows† which we can all perceive. 2 A) We cannot prove the existence of anything outside of our own minds. All of our knowledge of things outside of ourselves comes to us through our senses, but only our minds can be trusted to exist. B) Descartes doubts the existence of anything beyond his own mind, because he cannot prove conclusively that anything else exists. If it is possible for the existence of an object perceived to be disproved, then it may not exist. However, the fact that you can be deceived means that your mind must exist. He famously summed this argument: â€Å"Cogito, ergo sum.† ... In the example of the wax, imagination explains the perception of change and for the possibility of other changes which we can't imagine. Intellect explains the understanding of the wax as something distinct, the same thing whether it is solid or liquid. 3 A) The stakes are very high; You have a lot to lose if you make the wrong decision. According to James, believing in God is beneficial to people, and as the decision cannot be made rationally on the basis of evidence it is incumbent upon us to leave the decision to our â€Å"passionate nature†. As that nature encourages us to strive for beneficial states, it is prudent to believe in God. I disagree with James' assertion because the stakes are only high within the context of some religions, and because one can enact a different decision at any time. B) The first objection Aquinas notes is the existence of evil. If God is omnibenevolent, then why does evil exist in the world? He counters this by saying that God's goodness is s o great that he causes goodness to come out of evil. Aquinas' second stated objection is that everything which we can see and understand can be accounted for by other first principles, so there is no need to believe in the existence of God. His response is that nature as well as human reason were both ultimately caused by God, as â€Å"Prime Mover†. C) A ship owner is aware that his ship needs repairs, but sets sail anyway. The ship sinks mid-ocean, and all aboard die. According to Clifford, the ship owner is morally responsible for the deaths of his crew because he made the decision to set sail based on faulty evidence. Clifford says â€Å"It is wrong in all cases to believe on insufficient evidence; and where it is presumption to

Iphone 5 Scenario Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Iphone 5 Scenario - Essay Example With respect to the scenario under review, Apple is reportedly the first company to adopt and use relative technology, second generation LTE thin chips from Qualcomm Company. This has given it an upper hand and a competitive edge against its competitors in the telecommunications sector. Using the latest technology, it has been able to explore technological resources and use these in addressing wide ranging and emerging consumer needs. One of the devices that it has manufactured and which it wishes to sell includes the iPhone 5. The main aim for this is to present to the consumer base a smart telecommunication device with ideal features. The purpose of this paper is to undertake research regarding consumer perceptions and expectations of this product. Findings would be instrumental in ensuring that the product is customized to meet consumer needs. This will ensure that its performance in the market is optimal. In addition, the research would provide useful insights regarding consumer trends and changes in tastes and preferences. Based on this, Apple will be able to use its creativity in ensuring that relative needs and preferences and met accordingly. Besides this, market research will provide important information about the innovations of apple’s competitors. ... nship, Breen and Dukta (1998) found out that a significant percentage of the population fancy latest electronic products which meet their tastes and preferences. This can be used to explain why most of the users of iPhone 4S are not happy with the latest development. Ideally, they will be forced to purchase the new product in order to be at par with the market trends and lifestyle expectations. Previous trends regarding the performance of iPhone 4S in the market indicate that the sale of iPhone 5 would be a success. In this respect, a significant percentage of the population that purchased iPhone 4S had never used an iPhone before (Johnson, 2011). Market research ascertains that although iPhone 4 met most of the consumer needs, its low battery and storage capacity limits its effectiveness. Consumers are, thus, still searching for a product that would meet their needs, tastes and preferences in this respect. In their review, Hair, Wolfinbarger, Bush and Ortinau (2009) posit that iPhon e 5 provides the best opportunity for Apple to address these needs. Statistical evidence shows that a significant 35% of the consumer base has promised to buy the product immediately it is introduced in the market (Johnson, 2011). Aggressive marketing can go a long way in increasing this to a greater percentage. Previous trends indicate that consumers tend to gain confidence with a product after it is introduced and tested in the market. Research tools are instrumental in collecting vital data from the respondents. At this point, it is worth appreciating that the data collected is instrumental in credible decision making. It should therefore not only be comprehensive but also representative of the views of the consumer base. This would ensure that decisions made are based on informed

Individual application paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Individual application paper - Essay Example This could be because am junior to him or we are not very close friends. I believe in his own way, he is right because based on my understanding and knowledge, the owners of the restaurant also has never questioned him or complained. I think generally I don’t like Erick the manager. I do not know whether my dislike for Erick will create a negative attitude toward him or am just being biased. His style of management does not conform to the normal style of management which has been in existence since I joined Franklin group of companies. I do not welcome his tendency of hiring his friends to work in the restaurant because some are incompetent like Colleen. Despite that I do not agree with his style of management, I think Erick also believes he is right in his own way of doing things. However much I can be critical or conservative to some of his decisions, I think he trusts the people he always hires. Take a scenario of an episode, which occurred last Saturday night, and you will agree with me. The policies of the restaurant stipulate that an employee cannot leave the cafe at the end of the working day before being released by the manager. However, on the material Saturday, Colleen, a waitress and one of the friends of Erick, was to go home at 11.30 pm but was not yet released by the manager. ... Two clients comes into her sections and she ignores them. Her behavior made me dislike her so much because she does not value work and responds to me rudely. I may be judgmental to her but I think to Colleen, she knew her time was up and was waiting to be released. Similarly, her response to me that she did not see the clients might be true given that it was a busy evening and many people move in and out (Mind Tools, 2013). Similarly, I later decided to approach the management about the incidence despite the fact that I knew what would be the response of the manager. I do not think Erick could have responded well could he have more time to with me or if I could have come another time. This is because he only spared me one minute on such a sensitive matter. But generally I believe maybe my report undermined his decisions on the operations of the restaurant or he liked the waitress. My Action plan After studying the situation in the restaurant for some time now and was not pleased with the way it was being managed, I look for an opportune moment to act for the well being of the restaurant. The issues I identified that need action was the general manager to stop hiring his friend the restaurant most of whom are lazy, the working policies to be followed and the management should consider the opinions of the junior employees in managing the restaurant (Mind Tools, 2013). I feel that the general manager ignored my report and the well being of the restaurant and I believe I was right in reporting the matter to him as the general manager of the restaurant. My plan of action will mainly focus to the manager and if it fails, I will try to seek audience with the owner of the restaurant. Furthermore,

Short and Long Term Affects on Fetal and Child Development When Essay

Short and Long Term Affects on Fetal and Child Development When Exposed to Cocaine in Utero - Essay Example Short and Long Term Affects on Fetal and Child Development When Exposed to Cocaine in Utero Another aspect of self regulation is heart rate: â€Å"Specifically, HR is predictive of later cognitive development and may impact reactivity to external stressors. An elevated resting HR is indicative of a higher level of physiological arousal which impacts both the quality and quantity of infant responsiveness to stimulation† (Schuetze 2006). Clearly, an elevated infant heart rate can be indicative of over-stimulation and a precursor to later cognitive developmental delays. Other aspects of self regulation or homeostasis that are thought to be affected by cocaine use in utero are respiration, blood pressure, sleep patterns, and body temperature. Studies have also indicated that cocaine use by pregnant women reduces blood flow to the placenta and causes fetal vasoconstriction. The placenta is the virtual nutrient source for the fetus. Adequate blood flow to the placenta and overall placental health are critical to fetal health. Cocaine is responsible for inducing the release of certain body chemicals called serotonin and/or epinephrine. The release of these two chemicals has a direct affect on vascular tone and therefore affects the vascular health of the fetus as well as the placental blood flow. Fetuses which develop in utero with a less than healthy placenta experience both short and long term developmental effects as well as defects.

Compare a presidential system with a parliamentary system. Choose one Essay

Compare a presidential system with a parliamentary system. Choose one country that represents each system. Explain their legislative, executive and judicial br - Essay Example He stays in office as head of government for six years with no re-election. His functions primarily revolve around the implementation of laws, policies, and, development plans for his country. In the parliamentary system adapted by Great Britain, there is a fusion in the three branches of government. The executive branch of Britain is composed of the Queen who is considered the chief of state and the Prime Minister as head of government. The Prime Minister is elected by the members of the legislative branch. He has no definite term of office as the conduct of elections is decided on by Parliament. The legislative branch of government of Mexico has two chambers-the upper (Senate) and the lower (Chamber of Deputies). They have the power to pass laws, ordinance, impose taxes, declare war, and approve the national budget. Some members of the Senate are voted through direct popular vote, some are voted per state. The members of the lower chamber are voted per district based on proportional representation. The legislative branch of Great Britain, called the House of Parliament, is also bicameral-composed of the House of Lords and the House of Commons. This branch serves as the supreme legislative body of Britain and its territories. The House of Lords is largely made up of appointed members, with a small percentage who are voted by hereditary peerage. The members of the House of Commons are elected via popular vote every four or five years. The distinct feature about British Parliament is that they control the executive branch of the government. As opposed to the Legislative branch of government in the presidential system, the executive and legislative branches of government are independent from each other. The judicial branch of government in Mexico is divided into the federal and state systems. It has a Supreme Court of Justice composed of magistrates and auxiliary judges who

Great Expectations Essay Example for Free

Great Expectations Essay Discuss the variety of influences to which Pip is exposed during the course of Great Expectations as he approaches adult-hood, and the ways in which the readers opinion of Pips character might alter as the story develops. Charles dickens is one of the worlds best-loved writers, and Great Expectations may be one of his most autobiographical works. The Narrator of Great Expectations, Pip, is in contrast, a man of many faults, who hides none of them from the reader. If Pip is a self-portrait, Dickens must have been a reservoir of inferiority complexes, guilt and share. Many other aspects of Great Expectations are autobiographical too. Although Dickens wasnt an orphan as Pip is but he may have well felt like one. Dickens mother apparently was a careless housekeeper. Pips sister who a few times mentions that she brought him up by hand, keeps a spotless house but she doesnt know how to make it a home. In her mind, the sole ingredients of child rearing are a firm beating and a dose of tar-water. It could be that maybe she is deliberately cruel, or maybe she has just mistaken notions of how to run a family. Pips childhood wasnt so great and as a reader will find out that he doesnt have a good perspective on Mrs. Joe. This can be any more than children do on the adults closest to them: And where the deuce ha you been? was Mrs. Joes Christmas salutation, when I and my conscience showed ourselves. (Pg. 22) When Dickens was working in the blacking warehouse at the age of twelve he was lighten up as Pip was being lighten up when he was an apprentice to Joe as a blacksmith. While Pip the narrator recognises Joes goodness, Pip as a character continues to go on treating him badly. There is a point in the story when the reader will observe that Joe forgives Pip for his behaviour. Later on Pip keeps on being a snob and for Joe its something he has to live for. Joe shows a lot of love and affection for Pip: But I did mind you Pip, he returned with tender simplicity Dont cry, old chap! (Pg. 48) Joe has a very neutral relationship with Pip although he seems to find it really hard and struggles to guide Pip and try to follow Joes example of goodness. He appears to be often weak; he lets himself be defeated by Mrs. Joe, Pumblechook and even Miss Havisham. This could be why Pip seems to dislike Joe, as he gets older. Also seeing as Pip isnt consciously virtuous, it becomes difficult for Joe to attempt to teach him. Pip is seriously disgusted with Pumblechook throughout the whole book. When as a boy, he instinctively dislikes the way Pumblechook moralises and lords it over the family. I believe it is at this point where Pips snobbish behaviour may have sharpened due to the original circle of changes and I think Pumblechook patronising and insulting Pip at the same time has given him the snobbish character: But I dont mean in that form, or, returned Mr. Pumblechook, who had an objection to being interrupted Not bringing up by hand then. Not a bit of it! (Pg. 27) At the beginning of the story in a vivid scene, Magwitch appears to be a threatening, violent character to Pip. The reader can recognise at the same time that Pip does not know that Magwitch is a big, cold, hungry and desolate. When Pip lives at the forge in the marshes the setting has influenced him. It is a gloomy spooky area with convicts. It seems that it all leads to death and punishment i. e. Mrs.Joes beating and tar-water. When it comes to Magwitch appearing from a graveyard he is like a zombie. He becomes dead when the reader carries on to read the story because Pip forgets about him and Magwitch disappears for a long while. During that time of his absence Pip then catches to encounter Miss Havisham. When Magwitch does come into sight once again when Pip is in London, Pip is looking at a much more altered version of Magwitch. At this time Magwtichs importance to Pip grows even larger as the reader will discover about Magwitch and the affect of his money to Pip. Now because of this Magwitch turns out to be a similar yet a much useful character in Pips life. Also the relationship between Pip and Magwitch strengthens and Pip commences into showing devoted attention to him. Even later on Pip is interested in almost everything that Magwitch offers to attempt to say to him. He is willing to listen to him and he becomes sympathetic towards him. When Magwitch is on the deathbed Pip is telling the story of Estella and explaining how much he loves her to him. He tries to make him happy. Dickens piles on the details about Miss Havisham, it is like as it if she irresistibly fascinates him. The more he describes her, the more intensely she stands out, looming as a weird, powerful image colouring the mood of the entire book: Look at me, said Miss Havisham. You are not afraid of a woman who and very sorry I cant play just now. (Pg. 58-59) Pip is influenced by Miss Havisham in a way to love Estella and thus he is convinced by her to love Estella even through the toughest situations. He gains to be confident with her but its strange because he can list Estellas main faults- proud, selfish, cold, cruel and unloving: Love her, love her, love her! If she favours you, love her giving up your whole heart and soul to be smiter- as I did (Pg. 240) Miss Havisham is very unpredictable and it could be why that I reckon Pip most frequently misunderstands her influences to him. She can be pretty random and she can say random, embarrassing, issuing imperious commands: Sometimes I have sick fancies, she went on, and I have a sick fancy that I want to see some playplay, play, play! (Pg. 59) Now because of her out-of-the-ordinary behaviour the reader can never tell or predict what she will be like. This can confuse Pips liking for her and then it makes the reader feel sceptical about them. The different element of Pips personality seems to be constantly in conflict. For example, when he first learns that he has expectations of a great fortune, his mind goes off in a dozen different directions- selfishness, joy, guilt, suspicion, embarrassment and fear of his own fortune. When he moves to London, he leaves all the people who still affect his life:

Faith Is Being Sure Of What We Hope

Faith Is Being Sure Of What We Hope Faith is being sure of what we hope for and certain of what we do not see. This is a big part of believing in God and even life itself. We have faith in everything from a car not stopping in the middle of the interstate, to the roof on are house not toppling down on us as were sitting on our couch. We dont personally go and check every bolt and screw on an airplane before we let a stranger fly us through the air. This is because we have great faith in the airplane and the pilot. To have faith in God isnt a reward we are given by how much time we read the Bible or by how much we go to church. Faith is a gift from God. We are given faith by believing that Jesus is the Christ, the son of God. Without faith it is impossible to please God, because anyone who comes to him must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who earnestly seek him.(Hebrew 11:6) To have faith we also have to obey God. Our inner attitude does not define faith alone. (James 2:17) In the same way, faith by itself, if it is not accompanied by action, is dead. (James 2:19-24) You believe that there is one God. Good! Even the demons believe that- and shudder. You foolish man, do you want evidence that faith without deeds is useless? Was not our ancestor Abraham considered righteous for what he did when he offered his son Isaac on the alter? And the scripture was fulfilled that says, Abraham believed God, and it was credited to him as righteousness, and he was called Gods friend. You see that a person is justified by what he does and not by faith alone. A person is justified by deeds only by man; because man cannot see our faith. Our faith is justified by God. Our deeds do not save us, but they are the evidence to our saving faith. If we could save ourselves by deeds, Jesus has not done any help for us. Faith saves us and faith alone. (Ephesians 2:1-2) For it is by grace you have been saved, through faith-and this not from yourselves, it is the gift of God-not by works, so that no one can boast. For we are Gods workmanship, created in Christ Jesus to do good works, which God prepared in advance for us to do. The disciples had great faith and sometimes we desire to have faith like them. Since we have not seen Jesus and still believe we have greater faith. Because you have seen me you have believed, blessed are those who have not yet seen but still believe. (John 20: 29) People that have seen Jesus and believe will not be punished, but that the people that have not seen Jesus and still believe are blessed. By having faith and believing in God we will have everlasting life. But these are written that you may believe that Jesus is the Christ, the son of God, and that by believing you may have life in his name.(John 20:31) HOW TO GET FAITH? To get faith we have to believe that Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God and we will get the gift of faith and have life in his name. Faith can also come through the message through the word of Christ. (Romans 10:17) Consequently, faith comes from hearing the message, and the message is heard through the word of Christ. Sometimes we will have a problem believing that Jesus is the Christ, the son of God and that he died on the cross for our sins. We should then, fill are selves with Gods word and meditate it with our heart. To do this we should read the Bible. We will soon realize that Jesus is the way the truth and the life.(John 14:6) Once we become a Christian and have great faith, we can compare our life to what it used to be without God and we can see that the struggles were harder when we did not have God leading us through them. We know that our faith will not always stay at the same level. (2 Thessalonians 1:3) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.because your faith is growing more and moreà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. We can pray, study the Bible, go to church, and serve God. These things will not give us faith, but they can help us grow in our faith. We should always continue to praise the lord as a sacrifice! (Hebrews 13:15) We should continually offer to God a sacrifice of praise. This will also help us grow in Faith. Sometimes we get caught spending all of our time shopping, cooking, and even work. This will consume all of our thoughts and God will be slowly pushed out of our lives, then when we have a problem we will go to God and use him to help us with our problems but we will never think to give thanks to him. You should spend most of your time reading the bible, praying to God, and thanking him for everything he has given us. Jesus died on the cross for us and has given us some very great things; the least we could do is thank him for the stuff he has given us and praise him with all we have. If we have done some really bad things in our life and dont think that God would ever forgive us or even love us anymore, think again! God will always love us and forgive us, no matter what we have done. We could be the ones not honoring our mother and father or have even murdered someone, but they are both sins, both having consequences. Everybody sins and if we just ask for forgiveness and believe, we will have everlasting life and your journey with the Lord will continue in the right direction. When we accept God into your heart, our life will not be perfect. It does have great things that come with it though! If we have struggles in our life that you think will never go away, we can pray to God and he will help us through it. When a problem comes up and we have nothing left, we can always count on God to be there for us! God is the one that we will always need and the one that will always love us! To know God will always forgive and love us, should give us the courage to love and forgive our enemies. If we are striving to go in the right direction and want to live our life praising, and serving God, the door will always be open. To ask Jesus Christ to be in our life is easy but it will be the biggest decision we will make in our whole entire life. God has led me to do many things that will help his kingdom grow and they were things I never thought of doing, but through faith I did it and I was rewarded. Faith is a big thing in everyones life, I encourage everyone to go out and do the thing that God is calling you to do. This thing might be very hard to understand or you might not trust that he will get you through it but God has a plan for us and he will guide us through it and reward us for what we have done. We need to use faith and trust in God as we take these steps into the right journey. DOUBTS Doubts are when we are skeptical about something or have undecided feelings. Doubts can come running in our life at a bolting speed, and will compete with everything for are attention. Sometimes we can be drowning in doubt until something reassures us of our faith. (Proverbs 3:5) Trust in the lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; in all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make your paths straight. If we are a true Christians and human beings, we will experience doubts. We have not seen Jesus therefore we will have doubt. There will be a point when we hit something that will make us decide between faith and doubt. This will help us grow in Faith. In the Bible there were people that had not believed in Jesus until they had seen him. Thomas did not believe the other eleven disciples when they had said (John 20:25, 27) we have seen the Lord. Thomas said Unless I see the nail marks in his hands and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe it. Jesus then came in through the locked doors and said Peace be with you! Put your finger here; see my hands. Reach out your hand and put it into my side. Stop doubting and believe. Doubts arent always a bad thing though. Doubts can help guide us through our journey with God. When we have doubts we might not think that we will still have everlasting life in Heaven, but doubts can help us have greater faith in the long run. When we doubt we will ask more questions to find out everything we want to know. We will learn why God is the answer and why the other theories have no way of being possible. We will also start reading the Bible more and going to church more so we reassure are faith. Doubts dont mean youre not a Christian or that you dont have faith, it just means that you doubt because we believe in God and he is unseen! Doubts are normal in life. Its hard to build so much faith up of something that we have not seen and not knowing if its going to be true until we see it, but we need to believe and trust in the lord. Have you ever got caught thinking Maybe God isnt real. Or maybe Is it to good to be true? or How could God have done this? But the truth it is a great thing that God made this Universe. If we think about it God Is REAL because who could have made this Earth? Who could have made us? It had to be someone so great just like God. Sometimes we even doubt because we have prayed and what we prayed did not go are way or we got hurt by a loved one dying. God disciplines us because he treats us as sons- everyone has had discipline. God disciplines us for our good, it is painful at the time but later you have a harvest of righteousness and peace for us if we are trained by it. (Hebrews 12:7-13) Endure hardship as discipline; God is treating you as sons. For what son is not disciplined by his father? If you are not disciplined (and everyone undergoes discipline), then you are illegitimate children and not true sons. Moreover, we have all had human fathers who disciplined us and we respected them for it. How much more should we submit to the Father of our spirits and live! Our fathers disciplined us for a little while as they thought best; but God disciplines us for our good, that we may share in his holiness no discipline seems pleasant at the time, but painful. Later on, however, it produces a harvest of righteousne ss and peace for those who have been trained by it. Therefore, strengthen your feeble arms and weak knees. Make level paths for your feet so that the lame may not be disabled. Sometimes we will pray to God, testing him so that we can believe. We will tell him God if you let me get a job promotion or get on the high school basketball team the next day then I will believe. When that doesnt happen it does not mean God is not real or doesnt answer prayers, it just means that we want the job promotion or the high school basketball team more than we would love to believe in God. God is not a person that will hand us things when we so desire, but does answer our prayers. (Jeremiah 33:3) Call to me and I will answer you and tell you great and unsearchable things you do not know.He also promises to answer are prayers. (Isaiah 65:24) Before they call I will answer; while they are still speaking I will hear. Once we see beyond the image of God giving us what we wish for, his word promises we have confidence that we will receive anything we ask for. (1 John 3:21-22) Dear friends, if our hearts do not condemn us, we have confidence before God and receive from him anyth ing we ask, because we obey his commands and do what pleases him. God is not a force that is just someplace. God is everywhere and he is a God that is personal with us and he is the spirit. He cares for us and he knows us all and even the number of hairs on our heads. (Luke 12:7) Indeed, the very hairs of your head are all numbered. It is easier to realize that God is real when you know that he is not a fairytale or a force; he is the spirit. THE END Life is an experience of living. We have two lives. One is where we are born from a human being on Earth and the other is when we die we will be born again and we will be sent to Heaven to be with God. Here on Earth we have troubles mentally, physically, spiritually, and many other ways, but in Heaven it is perfect. (Revelation 4:1-3) Heaven is where God lives. It is where God is on his throne and is the full and complete expression of Gods kingship. Heaven has no pain, sorrow, deaths, crying, or sadness. In the Bible there is not a lot of information on Heaven is going to look or be, we just know that it will be a perfect place! We can only imagine what Heaven will be like, but God has way better plans then we could ever come up with, or even imagine. If we saw a mansion we would deliberate that the houses in Heaven will be three times as big, but that is not what they will be like because it would not be superior enough. Heaven is a reward for those who overcome everything in the life we are living. (Revelation 3:21) Heaven offers rewards for those who overcome in this life. To get to Heaven we dont just live life, we have to believe in God as were living! (John 3:16) For God so loved the world that he gave his one and only son, that whoever believes in him shall not perish but have everlasting life. One of the many immense things about Heaven is there is never a time when God runs out of rooms. (John 14:2) In my Fathers house are many rooms; if it were not so, I would have told you. God does not send only the best people, that have greater faith, or the ones that have done better things, he will send everyone to Heaven that believes in him.

Problems For Women In Sport

Problems For Women In Sport Womens rugby is an ever growing sport; from the first game being played seriously in Great Britain in the late 1970s (RFUW) to England hosting the Womens World Cup in September 2010. This report is to gain an insight into the thoughts, feelings and experiences of student female rugby players; how they perceive themselves and also how they feel about the RFUW. I have also researched into how male rugby players perceive the female players as individuals and players within the game as a whole. I have aimed to uncover how this specific group of female athletes are treated within society by their peers and how they feel about the media representation of them. Introduction: This literature review explores problems for women in sport, research into womens rugby, the male dominated game and also how womens ruby is represented by the media. Shockleys (2006:127) article presents the history of the emergence and decline of womens rugby from 1974 to 1980 in the southeast of America, in the year 1970 a group of pioneering women worked without varsity scholarships and little collegiate or community support to build rugby teams across the region. The effort of this group created at least fifteen teams throughout the region in 1980. This is an example of the growth of womens rugby and how a little unknown niche of women has become such a global sporting success. Problems in Sport: There are many factors which could shape womens views on their chosen sport of interest; one of which is victimisation. Fastings (2008) recent research into the participation in college sports and protection from sexual victimization, investigates female athletes experiences of various forms of discrimination including sexual victimisation from coaches and other male athletes. The paper reports on the first descriptive analysis to test the sport protection hypothesis among both female and male athletes. Fasting (2008) concluded that students were significantly less likely to report sexual victimisation during their last high school and early college years than their non athletic counterparts. Thus can become a major difficulty in the university setting, although my research is not based around this problem, it is still a highly important issue among females in sport and can affect a players views of their sport. Female athletes in male dominated sports such like rugby are constantly bombarded with the issue of femininity. It is a term used by the media and also by many males when arguing that rugby isnt a womens game. Eitzen (2009) states that the traditional conception of femininity, as passive and helpless is challenged today by the fit, athletic and even muscular appearance of women athletes. in contemporary society women have brought a new standard of femininity that combines beauty with taut, developed muscles (Eitzen 2009:82). In relation to femininity another factor faced by sporting athletes is gender inequality; Grace (1997:25) speaks of her research as drawing connections between sport as a cultural institution and gender inequality in all areas of life, Her theories and ideologies demonstrate how ideologies of natural difference present socially constructed meanings of masculinity and femininity as rooted in biology. She also states; because sport is located in bodily practices, t hose who control it hold a great deal of cultural power. Exploring the implications of social relations being shaped by the cultural institution of sport also raises questions about relative privileges held by different women, and how these are reproduced through sporting activities (Grace 1997:25). Dewar (1991), analysing sport is like a set of selected and selective social practices that embody dominant meanings, values and practices which are implicated in the creation and maintenance of hegemonic social relationships. Femininity and Masculinity- Gender Roles: Whilst studying womens rugby I have observed the repetition of gender-role conflict theorys which have suggested that women athletes will experience role conflict because they are attempting to enact both feminine and masculine gender roles, yet research findings have shown mixed support for this notion Fallon and Jome (2007:311), Their study explored how women rugby players negotiate gender-role expectations and conflict as women participating in a traditionally masculine sport. Fallon and Jome (2007:311) found the participants perceived conflicting expectations for their gender-role behaviour more than they seemed to experience conflict about those expectations. They then state that the athletes tried to avoid experiencing gender-role conflict. The resiliency displayed by the women athletes in coping with discrepant gender-role messages provides new considerations for gender-role conflict theory. There is a problem with the expectations of how a female rugby player should look and act, this is due to the stereotyping of society today. Words associated with female players are butch, big, lesbian, angry whereas words associated with a male rugby player are; fit, athletic, strong, toned, muscular'(Fallon and Jome 2007); there is an obvious difference here which leads me to examine how the students feel about themselves and how they are perceived, also whether this has an effect on them as players striving to achieve success. Furthermore Chase (2006:229) investigates the multiple and complex ways in which the female rugby body is disciplined. The women who partook in the research resisted disciplinary processes of femininity but at the same time were willing participants in disciplinary processes of competitive sport. The research focuses on the physicality on womens bodies in the game and the disciplines the players go through in order to become a successful player. They and their bodies are shaped by multiple disciplinary processes. This is yet another example of how the players were drawn to rugby because of the physical nature of the game. This is thus showing that women can be just as disciplined as men in the game and achieve success at an elite level. This investigation is a foundation to my research as it has shown the discipline some women are prepared to go through to play a sport they are passionate about. In discussion about the development of womens sport Hargreaves (1994:273) states the RFUW then known as WRFU developed the womens game from twelve founding members in 1983 to over 2,000 women playing each week in its first ten years. She mentions how women who play rough, physical sports requiring strength and speed express the sense of satisfaction and exhilaration they get from participating (Hargreaves 1994:273). Hargreaves discusses how women playing mens sports still face harsh criticism and ridicule which reflect a particularly British, class-based form of sexism (1994:274). Hargreaves (1994) also talks of womens sports and the lack of funding available to them; a lot of teams have to pay the expenses themselves and are rejected from sponsors for being a female team. The Womens World Cup in 1991 in Wales failed to attract sponsors when the mens game was heavily fuelled with money. Hundreds of applications were made to a range of sponsors, including corporations which sponsor th e mens game: refusals were based on traditional ideas about masculine and feminine appropriateness but its a mens game and they dont drink lager! (Hargreaves 1994:204). Hargreaves also states that poor media coverage and financial support tend to mask the rapid increase in the numbers of women participating in sports and reproduce the present system of privilege (1994:204); this is linking directly with my study as it can lead to a path for my questioning of the participants in my study. A study which is highly important to my dissertation was conducted by Chu et al. (2003) which examined the experiences of New Zealands elite women rugby players which were based on reasoning for joining a rugby team and how they viewed womens rugby as a male dominated sport. The article shows how the players felt before joining the team, why they joint and also how they felt playing a sport which is strongly influenced and controlled by men; the authors findings were offered to be used for administrators and those wishing to promote womens rugby; which in my dissertation would be the RFUW; this links in with what is available from the RFUW in terms of research. The outcomes from Chus (2003) research showed the prime reasons given by women for participation in sports traditionally considered as masculine, were the joy of participating in a sport requiring physical strength and speed as well as a love for the sport. The authors comment that all the participants were positive about bein g a black fern..but that they also had to make sacrifices for the game, particularly with respect to juggling work, family and elite lever sporting commitments. These last points raised questions about the amateur/professional debate in terms of the black ferns being amateurs, but being expected to train and behave as professionals. This is a key issue within womens rugby which can raise many equality questions; why do only the male teams get paid well for the same amateur level as the women? Are female players expected to juggle a full time career as well as committing to partake in a professional sport? Chu concludes from the interviews carried out that there was a mixture of frustration and acceptance among the women in relation to playing a predominantly male game; some saw it as a challenge in terms of having to break down barriers with respect to what women can do in the wider context. They also felt that some women participating in non-traditional female sports become empowered and feel that this affects women in society at large. This research although gained in New Zealand is important to my dissertation as it is an example and framework to my research. I am homing in on a specific group of players which are students not elite players but their thoughts and feelings towards the RFUW are significant as they are the governing body of rugby for women in England. Womens Rugby: Leading on from the previous statement; the Rugby Football Union for Women (RFUW) state the progression in womens rugby as the England elite side continue to demonstrate their strength on a global scale and recent successes include winning the Nations Cup, four successive Six Nations triumphs and a runners up place at the 2006 World Cup. England will be looking to go one better at the 2010 World Cup which is to played on English soil for the first time in the tournaments 19 year history. Womens rugby as a sport has undoubtedly gone from strength to strength over recent years and participation is currently at an all time high, so whether you want to play for fun or be right up there challenging for honours, everyone is welcome to join in. This is from the welcoming front page of their website which proudly shows how much the women involved have achieved since first playing in the 70s. It entices women and girls to play and shows just what females can achieve, but do they support their women throughout their rugby careers from school to adulthood? This is where my research will gain an insight into the experiences of support by the RFUW to young aspiring and talented students playing at an amateur level. Research material by Fields (2008:8) explores the reasoning behind American females and why they play rugby; she states women in the country find rugby a challenging game in which they can have fun. It is stated that, women play this sport because it is aggressive and most of the women surveyed say they have always been interested in contact sports The research also found that they played the sport because of its health benefits. Additionally there is becoming a theme around the reasonings why players get involved with the sport from other countries, In my dissertation I will examine how these countries fit in with the view of England students. This can raise many questions about the treatment of females playing male dominated sports worldwide; Do we have a different culture of sport in England? Rugby is traditionally a male dominated sport but is it still in contemporary society today? Eitzen (2009:98) observes that sport in its organisation, procedures and operation serves to promote traditional gender roles thus keeping order. Sport advances male hegemony in practice and ideology by legitimating a certain dominant version of social reality. He states that from early childhood games to professional sports, the sports experience is gendered. Boys are expected to participate in sports, to be aggressive, to be physically tough, to take risks and to accept pain. Thus sport, especially aggressive physical contact sport is expected from boys and men but not for girls and women furthermore he concludes these expectations reproduce male domination in society. This is reflected in rugby as male players are seen to exert aggression and strength whereas female players are not seen to have the same abilities although they are playing the same sport. My dissertation is not seeking equa lity for women in terms of the game as both male and female games are on different levels but it is to investigate how female players feel about this gap in levels and how they are supported by the RFUW. Mangan (1981:147) states Late Victorian bourgeois imperialist ideology associated sport and exercise with the muscular Christian gentlemen; this is another example of the hegemony within society of the time, I wish to explore the society of this moment in time and compare with previous times. The Media Influence: When accessing four different newspapers online to search for articles on womens rugby I found suprising results. The Sun newspaper online (2009) first page of relevant results showed one 121 word article titled Austin Healey Woes. The Times newspaper online (2009) showed three relevant articles on the first page and The Daily Mail newspaper online (2009) had two relevant results. Most other articles in the search results were about rugby mens wives or other female sports news. Eitzen (2009) states women in sport are minimized (and men maximized) when womens activities are ignored. The mass media in the United States have tended to overlook womens sports. When they are reported, the stories, photographs and commentary tend to reinforce gender roles stereotypes. Womens sports are also ignored when cities and schools disproportionately spend enormous amounts on mens sports. Both todays sport and the media are classic outcomes and icons of the far-reaching social, economic and technological change that characterised twentieth century Stead (2003:184). In addition Stead adds that both have developed extensively and rapidly as a major global industry (2003:184). He expresses how the development of the internet extends further media activities. It being a global phenomenon loops everyone into a never ending source of news articles. He states that more recently there has been a growth in specialist media sports products (2003:185). When researching into the influence of the media it has to be stated that there are many hidden messages behind what is broadcast and shown in newspapers. Stead states that research into the textual messages contained in the media sport output of various countries suggests the heavy influence of such ideological factors as capitalism, nationalism, patriarchy and racism. Each of these biases evident within the ownership and control of the increasingly dominant multinational media companies and indeed the dominant values in a particular society (2003:192). Another significant point raised by Stead (2003) was whether the medias representation of sport reflects reality or does it just reflect what the directors of that company feel? When commenting on the future of media sport Stead (2003:197/8) states that the media set fashions but are also influenced by wider social change media commitment to sport and more particularly to certain sports or events can change, leaving an ever more dependant world of sport venerable to instability. Since the 1980s the value of sport to media companies and their investment in sport have grown dramatically; he also raises the point that the media have furthermore influenced the character and development of sport, it should be noted that there is little evidence of resistance to co modification from sports bodies or athletes (Stead 2003:198). An article by Mott (2002) entails an interview with Paula George one of the England elite female rugby players; George comments on the missed opportunities of the female elite team. It would help if the Rugby Football Union would let them play a curtain-raiser international at Twickenham. So far they wont. Its silly, isnt it? said George. To have done it this year to raise awareness about the World Cup coming up in front of a good rugby crowd would have been awesome. Every time I see one of the England men or one of the boys coming out of the tunnel in their countrys shirt, I think: we want to do that. We so want to do that. Its going to happen. Were not going away. It might as well happen now. This article is a real insight into the opinions of our elite team which is highlighting the dreams and aspirations of the England elite team and how they will not back down until they have the same treatment as the male teams. This is a useful article to generate questions for my research par ticipants. Whilst researching online I came across an advert for the Guildford college rugby team which shared many common values of lots of womens rugby clubs, their statement online states through practices, socials, matches, fitness, fund-raising, and recruitment events, the team strives to promote an awareness of women in contact sports. The team hopes to strengthen and promote positive self-images and community building. Moreover, we recognize the historical and systematic oppression of women, people of colour, and queer people. By providing an inclusive and affirming space for individual growth of members of the above groups, the womens rugby team hopes to perpetually dismantle oppression and structural violence. This is suggesting a place for those who are otherwise alienated from parts of society; this is furthermore highlighting the impact of sport upon individuals lives and also whole communities. The BBC is one of Englands highly trusted and representing broadcasters for the country; on their website there were articles titled Womens rugby is one of the fastest-growing sports around. Its not just for boys and men anymore and there are more and more womens clubs all over the country this leads me to question why there is still a country of patriarchy and inequality in sport. Underneath the article is some advice for readers: The Rugby Football Union for Women is responsible for getting more girls playing and learning about rugby. They will be able to give you all the information you need about getting started, and put you in touch with your nearest club. If you want to take your rugby seriously, Player Development Academies across the country hold open trials every summer. You can find out more by logging onto: RFUW website. This is an interesting piece to revert back to once conducting my research as it shows that womens rugby is being promoted by some media parties. Is this filtering down to the ammeter players? will be a question I shall keep in mind. From personal research I am aware that there is a 1:15 minute promotional video on Youtube a world wide online video broadcasting website for the Womens Rugby World Cup 2010. This was added one month ago at the time of writing this research, when searching for the mens world cup which is being held in 2011 there is a 2:47 minute video which was added three weeks ago. This is just an example of how different the promotional side of the different gendered games is; To make it more acceptable within society for women to play what was traditionally a male dominated sport it needs to be out there in the public eye. Summary: Research which has been conducted in various countries and the research is also dated somewhat. There is little about Englands young female players views on how they feel playing a traditionally male dominated sport; their thoughts, feelings and experiences whilst playing the game and how todays contemporary society treats them accordingly. There is a clear gap in research and that it will benefit many organisations such like the RFUW and also will help young aspiring female rugby players to continue their successes and not let stigma get in the way of their goals.

Is TV Harming America? :: essays research papers

Those who proclaim that television is harming society may be too quick to judge television, in fact in some ways TV can help society. One only has to look at programs such as America’s Most Wanted and Unsolved Mysteries, they may often be on the corny side, however America’s Most Wanted has helped authorities capture many wanted fugitives. News programs have gotten more and more graphic in recent years, but the amount of information given on the news has increased substaintially as well. As a nation, we watched the Gulf War, the Clinton Impechment proceedings, the Clarence Thomas hearings and several other pivotal news stories that we otherwise would not have had such access to without television. Children’s shows run the gamut from programs such as Power Rangers to Sesame Street. Few would argue that shows such as Sesame Street and Mr. Roger’s Neighborhood are damaging our youth. With a little parental supervision the harmful aspects of television can be avoided, there are useful and educational shows available for children to watch. Some of my nephew’s favorite shows are Arthur, Blue’s Clue’s, Sesame Street, he’s even at an age now where he will tell me to change the channel when it’s time for Arthur to come on. Some critics have said that advertisers are brainwashing our children, that may be true on some level. However, ultimately it’s not the child that runs out to Toy’s R Us and purchases the toys that are hocked constantly on television; the parents have control of the checkbook and should therefore establish some rules about commercials. Unfortunatley, advertisements are unavoidable these day’s, they are everywhere, not just TV, they can be heard on the radio, there are billboards everywhere you look.

Effects Of Divorce On Children :: essays research papers

Since there is a lot discussion of the effects of divorce on children, I choose this to be my topic. In 1991 Amato and Keith (researchers) examined the results of 92 studies using 13,000 children ranging from preschool to young adults to determine what the overall results indicated. The overall result of this study was that children from divorced families are on "average" somewhat worse off than children who have lived in nuclear families. These children have more trouble in school, more behavior problems, more negative self-concepts, more problems with peers, and more trouble getting along with their parents. Overall, the children are more alike than different. Amato tells us that average differences do not mean that all children in divorced families are worse off than all children in intact families. One way to examine this issue is illustrated by findings of Mavis Hetherington. Hetherington, like many others, finds these average differences, but she also looked at some of her measures and examined the degree to which children in divorced and intact families were more severely impaired. Here we find some important differences. On a measure of behavioral problems, Hetherington reports that 90% of adolescent boys and girls in intact families were within the normal range on problems and 10% had serious problems that we would generally require some type of help. The percentages for divorced families were 74% of the boys and 66% of the girls in the normal range and 26% of the boys and 34% of the girls were in the negative scale. The differences between children in different kinds of families are parental Loss, economic loss, more stress, poor parental adjustment, and exposure to interparental conflict. All experts will agree that any life altering change is effective on a child's life.